To Study the Partial Replacement of Cement by Eggshell, Chalk Powder with Addition of Basalt Fiber

Abstract

In concrete cement of Portland the aggregate are mixed with water and dry cement, they form a fluid of mass that mould easily into desired shape. The cement chemically react ingredient and water to form a matrix hard which the materials bind together into durable property stone that might use for many purpose. Use of chalk powder is also eco-friendly as the waste limestone or chalk material from industries as well as from schools and colleges, are effectively being used to form quality building materials. Basalt fiber is another solid strengthening material, which has wonderful mechanical properties and furthermore an eco-accommodating assembling process. Significantly number of examination has been directed on basalt fiber strengthened cement and has generally watched out for its mechanical properties. On the basis of previous researches which has been done we make a comparison of strength properties of concrete made with replacement and conventional concrete. Cement is replaced by Chalk, eggshell powder with addition of basalt fiber. Different specimens of the material are tested for strength. The result shows that concrete workability is fine and within limits after replacing cement with Chlak,eggshell powder with adding basalt fibers. However, workability gets reduced at higher replacement of materials. The strength parameters such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength also increase and show an optimum value at 8&8% cement replacement and 1.8% Addition of basalt fibers respectively. Test results are satisfactory up to 8&8% and 1.8% replacement. After this, there is a decrease in the strength of concrete. So, after this research work, we are able to find out that the replacement can be done to this extent but there may be chances of higher percentage of replacement by doing further investigations.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Any activity of construction requires several materials such as steel, bricks, concrete, wood, clay, mud and so on. However, concrete cement remain the main material construction used in industries of construction. For the adaptability and suitability with respect to the environment changing, the concrete must be such that it can safe the environment, conservation of resources, economize and lead to proper energy utilization. To achieve this, main emphasis must be laid on the use of wastes and byproducts in concrete and cement used for new construction. The 75 percent of concrete are made of aggregates. Concrete is a composite material compose of coarse granular materials (the filler or aggregate) embedded in a hard matrix material (the binder or cement) that fill the spaces between the particles of aggregate and glues them together. It is estimate that the concrete consumption in the earth is order of 10 billion ton (11.5 billion tons) per year. We are also considering concrete as a material of composite that essentially binding material which are fragment of aggregates and embedded particles. Most term of ‘concrete’ refer to Portland concrete cement or to concrete made with other cements of hydraulic.

A. EGG Shell Powder

Also, utilizing eggshell powder in place of cement will reduce carbon dioxide emissions during the production of cement and decrease air pollution. This will lead to the economic growth and development of countries. Eggshell waste evolves from poultry farms, restaurants, and hotels where there is the consumption of eggs. Eggshells are rich in calcium and have the same limestone composition as cement. Researchers have reported that eggshell mainly contains calcium in the form of Calcium Carbonate (90%) and the remaining masses contain Phosphorus, Magnesium, traces of sodium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper. The research done so far suggests that eggshell powder shows the binding property of the cement. So, the need arises for the bioconversion of waste into usable energy. Eggshell powder is also a cheap alternative material in place of cement which can reduce the overall cost of construction and impact on the environment to a large extent.

B. Chalk Powder

Chalk used is a fine whitish colored powder composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a form of limestone and is obtained by fine grinding of limestone present at Manasbal area.  It can also be obtained from sedimentary rocks and marble waste powder.  The chemical formula for chalk is CaCO3, and having molecular weight equal to 100.0869 amu. Chalk is the most popular material among all. In schools, colleges chalk is used to deliver lecture on a black color board. Chalks that are used in schools and universities usually comes in the form of cylindrical sticks. These chalk sticks easily crumbles and leaves the particles that have the capability to stick loosely on the rough surface, hence permitting it to write on the rough surface which can be easily erased. These writings on the rough surface when erased give the chalk in the form of powder. In India, in almost every colleges and school teachers deliver the lesson on black board using chalk, as this method is economical as well as easy. 

C. Basalt Fibers

Basalt fiber is another solid strengthening material, which has wonderful mechanical properties and furthermore an eco-accommodating assembling process. Significantly number of examination has been directed on basalt fiber strengthened cement and has generally watched out for its mechanical properties. In past explores the examination don't propose that the strands are viable in expanding the break opposition.

It has likewise been considered that the plain basalt filaments experiences absence of sturdiness in solid that is presented to basic condition. By utilizing Basalt fiber strengthened cement agreeable usefulness can be kept up with the expansion of basalt fiber up as far as possible. When contrasted and the ordinary cement, there is increment in durability and effect quality for the basalt fiber strengthened cement. On utilizing basalt fiber strengthened cement the method of disappointment gets changed from weak to malleable disappointment, when exposed to pressure, effect and bowing.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Kamran Basit et al. (July 2019): This paper studies the various strength parameters of concrete made with varying proportions of egg shell powder viz 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% as replacement of cement and concluded that the highest strength is achieved at 10% replacement of cement with ESP. Also concluded that split elastic qualities of ESP cements were practically similar to traditional cement up to 15% ESP replacement. The workability characteristics of the concrete with varying ratio of ESP were also studied through slump cone test. Compressive strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength test were performed to get the results and conclusion of replacement of cement with ESP.

KANAKA RANYA et al. (August 2019): This paper focused on various parameters of M40 concrete made with partial replacement of cement with ESP in the following percentages as 5%, 10% and 15% and percentages of fine aggregates with Quarry dust are 25%, 50% and 75%. compressive strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength tests were performed to get the results. It is reported by the data of test results that the optimum percentages are 10% for ESP replacement with cement and 50% for Quarry dust with fine aggregates. The percentage increase in split tensile strength is 5.5% with 10% ESP and 50% Quarry dust when compared with normal mix and flexural strength is increased by 7.1%.

Wenzhong Zhu 2005 This paper describes a research of the impact of several types of limestone and chalk powders used as fillers in self-compacting concrete (SCC) on superplasticizer demand and the strength qualities of concrete mixtures. All of the specified limestone and chalk powders were found to be suitable for the production of SCC mixtures, with only minor changes to the superplasticizer dosage required. Superplasticizer dosages were often greater for SCC using chalk powder than for SCC using limestone powder. The fineness of the powders has no effect on the demand for superplasticizer. At the same water/cement ratio, the compressive strength of the SCC mixes containing the limestone and chalk powders was much higher than that of the traditional vibrated reference concrete, especially at early ages.

(G.K Geethanjali 2012) in research paper entitled "Disfigurement attributes of Basalt Reinforced cement with Super Plasticizer" considered the impact of the SPs and basalt fiber on flexural and compressive quality of the fiber fortified cement. It was seen that there is an expansion in the flexural and pressure quality of the example at 3, 7 and 28 days of restoring with expansion of SPs and basalt filaments. NDT and UPV test on solid blend under different pressure were recorded.

(Mustapha Abdulhadi et al 2012) in research paper entitled "A similar Study of Basalt and Polypropylene Fibers" considered the compressive and the elastic conduct of M30 evaluation of solid blend arranged by fortifying in with basalt and polypropylene filaments. The filaments were included the level of 0% to 1.2% by the volume division by weight of the concrete and afterward tried the split rigidity just as the compressive quality lastly acquired the connection between them.

Conclusion

1) Basalt fibers acted as a reinforcement and hence acted as resistance to the cracks, thus increasing the flexural strength. 2) By replacing the cement with the Chalk Powder & Egg shell powder and addition with Basalt fibers strengths get increased, also the replacement can be taken into consideration up to certain percentage workability factors gets enhanced as well. 3) After 28 days of curing, maximum compressive strength obtained was 47.14 N/mm2. 4) In case of compressive strength, the optimum percentage that was noticed, was at 8&8% of cement was Chalk Powder & Egg shell powder and for reinforcement 1.8% of basalt fiber was used. 5) The flexural strength of the concrete on comparing with conventional concrete gets increased till 8&8% of cement was Chalk Powder & Egg shell powder and for reinforcement 1.8% of basalt fiber was used. 6) After 28 days of curing, maximum flexural strength obtained was 6.81 N/mm2. 7) After 28 days of curing, maximum tensile strength obtained was 5.03 N/mm2. 8) In case of tensile strength, the optimum percentage that was noticed, was at 8&8% of cement was Chalk Powder & Egg shell powder and for reinforcement 1.8% of basalt fiber was used.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Amandeep Singh, Sourabh Lalotra. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.